Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) describes a collection of conditions that can affect the bladder and urethra of cats. This syndrome can have many possible causes, but cats generally exhibit similar, recognizable signs. Cats with FLUTD usually show signs of difficulty and pain when urinating, increased frequency of urination, and blood in the urine. Affected cats tend to lick their genital area excessively, and sometimes they will urinate outside the litter box, often preferring cool, smooth surfaces like a tile floor or a bathtub.
While the condition can be seen in cats of any age, it is most frequently seen in middle-aged, over-weight cats that get little exercise, use an indoor litter box, have restricted access outside, and eat a dry diet. Environmental factors, such as interactions with owners, multi-cat households, and changes in routine may also increase the risk that a cat will develop FLUTD.
Although cats with lower urinary tract disease behave in similar ways, the potential causes are multiple.
Urinary tract infections, cystits, urinary stones, urethral plugs, cancer, and other disorders can affect the lower urinary tract of the cat.
Because FLUTD can have many causes, it can be difficult to diagnose.
Common symptoms are; increased urination with the cat only being able to pass small amounts of urine at a time.
Infection and the presence of stones or crystals can make urination painful, so the cat may cry or show symptoms of discomfort or pain.
The urine may also be bloody. Cats may also "miss" the litter box, or intentionally urinate in other places due to the discomfort and irritation.
